The third reason for dilation, a response to an outside or internal stimulus, is where our interest lies here. When a drug or substance that affects your nervous system is introduced into your body it has a chance of affecting your eyes. A variety of drugs can cause this, some prescription and some not. The most common type of drugs that cause miosis are opiates.
There are some other interesting facts about pupil constriction in relation to opiates like heroin and morphine. Pupils will typically constrict within 15 minutes to an hour of heroin entering the body and can last between three and five hours. Someone who is non-dependent can experience constricted pupils for up to two hours, while someone who is dependent will have their eyes return to normal within 15 minutes.
You can make an educated guess or even an uneducated guess, but in order to know for sure, you will need a lot more information. Remember, all of our bodies are reacting to a lot of different factors all at once. Most of the tests conducted in treatment facilities or by police are relying on multiple steps like checking blood pressure, pulse, and temperature. There is generally no one piece of information that is going to accurately predict what drug someone has ingested.
Usually, people respond to dilated pupils by wearing sunglasses to hide them or to protect their eyes from the light, which feels much brighter than usual. Eyes can also become red sometimes permanently from prolonged marijuana use. Eye drops are sometimes used to try and fix this. If someone is trying to hide their drug or substance use they may be struggling with addiction.
Drugs can affect the muscles that shrink or expand the pupils. Here are some prescription, over-the-counter, and commonly misused drugs that cause pupils to dilate. Neurotransmitters play a role in pupil size. As a result, taking some of these medications can cause pupil dilation as a side effect. Dilated pupils are sometimes a sign of drug misuse.
Commonly misused drugs that dilate the pupils include:. Opioids , including oxycodone, heroin, and fentanyl, are commonly misused drugs that have the opposite effect, causing pupils to constrict miosis. Pinpoint pupils are pupils that do not respond to changes in lighting. This is a sign of an opioid overdose, which is a medical emergency. However, it depends on the drug. For opioids such as heroin, pupil dilation is a common sign of withdrawal.
However, a single case is not enough to draw any conclusions about the long-term effects of drug use on the eyes. As a result, your eyes will be more sensitive to bright light. If dilated pupils are a regular occurrence, there are a few ways that you can protect your eyes from the sun. These include:. If your pupils dilate after taking prescription medication, contact your doctor or pharmacist. Both prescription and nonprescription medication can lead to pupil dilation.
Most of the time, dilated pupils return to their normal size once the effects of the drug have worn off. Pupils that are abnormally small under normal lighting conditions are called pinpoint pupils. Learn what causes them and how to recognize the signs.
Eye dilation is an important part of a complete eye exam, but it may take up to 6 hours for the effects to wear off. Some people are more sensitive to…. Eilers, D. Bach, R. Gaber et al.
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